Itsukushima Shrine in Japan is a stunning Shinto shrine on Miyajima, an island near Hiroshima.
What makes it truly special is its famous “floating” torii gate, which appears to rise from the water during high tide.
The shrine dates to the 12th century. Its current design is due to Taira no Kiyomori, a powerful figure of Japan’s Heian period.
The entire complex sits on stilts along the shoreline, giving the illusion of floating when the tide comes in.
The vivid vermilion structures and this feature create an enchanting, otherworldly scene.
It’s no wonder UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site, recognising its cultural and historical significance.
Origins and Historical Significance
Itsukushima Shrine has a rich history spanning over a millennium.
Its unique architecture and deep spiritual importance make it an integral part of Japanese culture and religion.
Foundation and Deities
Some records say Itsukushima Shrine was first built in 593 CE.
But, it was Taira no Kiyomori’s 1168 renovation that gave it its iconic design.
The shrine is dedicated to Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, Tagitsuhime no Mikoto, and Tagorihime no Mikoto.
The three goddesses associated with maritime safety and prosperity.
The shrine on Miyajima Island in Hiroshima Prefecture is sacred.
The “floating” effect of the shrine during high tide has made it one of Japan’s most photographed landmarks.
Taira No Kiyomori and the Heian Period Influence
During the Heian period (794–1185), Taira no Kiyomori played a pivotal role in transforming Itsukushima Shrine into a cultural icon.
His renovation efforts included enlarging the shrine complex and enhancing its architectural design.
The famous torii gate we see today was rebuilt in 1875.
The original gate, built under Kiyomori’s guidance, helped establish the shrine’s style.
Kiyomori’s work spread Itsukushima’s fame across Japan. It became a key spiritual and cultural site.
Transition to a UNESCO Site
In modern times, Itsukushima Shrine gained fame as a World Heritage Site.
UNESCO designated it in 1996.
This status drew global attention.
Its spiritual relevance attracts millions of visitors each year. So, ancient sites can thrive in a modern world.
Architectural Marvel
Itsukushima Shrine’s design is a masterpiece.
It blends perfectly with its natural surroundings.
Here are some of its most remarkable features:
The Iconic Floating Torii Gate
The vermilion torii gate is the shrine’s most recognisable feature, standing about 200 metres offshore.
Weighing 60 tons, the gate stays stable without anchoring to the seabed, relying on its weight and precise construction.
At high tide, it appears to float on the water, while at low tide, visitors can walk right up to its base.
Although the current torii gate was built in 1875, earlier versions date back to the shrine’s 12th-century renovations.
Its timeless design continues to captivate photographers and visitors alike.
Design of the Shrine Complex
The shrine buildings are constructed on stilts, creating the illusion of floating.
Wooden walkways connect the main structures, allowing visitors to explore seamlessly.
Key buildings include the main hall, prayer hall, and stage.
All have intricate designs that reflect the shrine’s Heian-period origins.
A five-story pagoda adds to the atmosphere.
It’s a striking Buddhist feature that stands out among the Shinto architecture.
The bright red buildings contrast with the blue sea and green mountains.
It makes a perfect scene.
National Treasures and Shinden-Zukuri Style
Many of the shrine’s structures are National Treasures of Japan.
They are built in the shinden-zukuri style with symmetrical layouts and long corridors.
This style, popular among Heian-period nobility, gives the shrine an air of elegance and sophistication.
Cultural and Spiritual Importance
Itsukushima Shrine holds deep meaning for both locals and visitors.
Its mix of spiritual practices, beautiful architecture, and nature make it unforgettable.
Shinto Practices and Festivals
The shrine honours three sea goddesses, believed to protect maritime travellers and fishermen.
Throughout the year, it hosts vibrant festivals.
One of the most famous is Kangensai, held in July, where boats carrying sacred objects sail around the bay to the sound of traditional music.
Visitors can take part in Shinto rituals.
They can write wishes on wooden plaques called ema, then hang them at the shrine.
They hope the deities will grant their requests.
Confluence of Shinto and Buddhist Beliefs
Itsukushima is mainly a Shinto shrine.
It has some Buddhist influence, especially in its five-story pagoda.
Historically, Buddhist monks performed rituals alongside Shinto priests.
Today, the focus is on Shinto practices.
These elements show the two traditions coexisted in Japanese history.
Miyajima Island – A Tourist Hotspot
The journey to Miyajima begins with a short ferry ride.
Once on the island, the shrine’s vivid vermilion buildings and the iconic torii gate greet visitors.
Exploring the shrine complex and its surroundings is a highlight of any trip to Japan.
The island offers much more than just the shrine.
Hiking up Mount Misen provides breathtaking views, and the friendly deer roaming freely add to the island’s charm.
Local shops sell crafts and delicious treats like momiji manju, maple-leaf-shaped cakes that are a must-try for any visitor.
Despite the crowds, the island feels sacred.
This is especially true in the evenings when most day-trippers have left.
This quiet period allows for a more personal connection with the shrine’s serene beauty.
Conservation Efforts and Challenges
In recent years, conservation has become a priority.
The O-torii gate was renovated in 2019.
It fixed damage from seawater and the elements.
Rising sea levels from climate change pose a challenge.
It has spurred talks to strengthen the shrine’s foundations.
Efforts to manage tourism are also underway.
One proposed solution is to limit daily visitors.
This would protect the site from overuse and preserve it for future generations.